01/webn0/EnvironmentalImpactReport/ThemidtwentiethcenturycriticLionelTrillingunderstoodliteraturetobethehumanactivitythattakesthefullestandmostpreciseaccountofvariousnesspossibilitycomplexityanddifficulty/Wehavebeenlookingatthecult/uremachinetoseewhetherthereisevidenceoftwentyfirstcenturyvariousnesspossibilitycomplexityanddifficulty/Stickymediaunfinishmindfuldownloadingandmeaningfulupload
02/ingmatteratthismomentbecausethegeneralpublichascometoseethenetworksnotjustasstabl/etechnologieslikeradioortelevisionbutinsteadasasystemthatevolvesbothquicklyandmoreimportantradicallyovertime/ThusitisthatjustafewyearsafterthefirstdotcombustpeoplebegantospeakofasecondversionoftheInternetwhichtheycalledWeb20/Thishappenedatt/hesametimethatthetechnologysectorstartedtoregainitsfootingandtheemergenthighl
03/ysocialnatureofWeb20reignitedaninvestingfrenzy/Labelingthesesocialmediaphenomenaas20maybeprematurehoweverakintolabeling1920sDadaaspostmodernbecauseitemergedadecade/aftercubism/RatherthanWeb20itmaybemoreusefultothinkintermsofevolutionlookingtomathematicsforthevocabularytodescribeacontinuedevolutionoftheWebtothenthversionorWebn0forshort/TheWebhasnowbeenaroundlongenoughtothinkthroughwhatwemightmeanby
04/deve/lopingit/AnytimethatamajorlanddevelopmentisproposedpartoftheprocessofdeterminingwhethertoproceedistoissueanenvironmentalimpactreportoranEIRastheyareknown/EIRsmeasuretheeffectsthatanybuildingwouldhaveonthequalityofthehumanandnaturalenvironme/ntsurroundingit/EIRsdiscussarangeofalternativesandstrategiesandassesstheimpactofeachcombinationoffactors/Assessingthesefactorsisalwaysimportantbutitbecome
05/sevenmoresoastheWebandnetworksevolveassocialmediawithvastlylargergroupsofpeopleposting/materialandcreatingviablecommunitiesonline/AccountingforWebn0asaneverescalatingseriesofdevelopmentsandredevelopmentsthischapteroffersaseriesoflinkedimpactreportsontheculturemachineselectronicenvironments/Taxonomics/Nomatterthenamesystemsthe/oristshavecharacterizedtheemergentWebasdisplayingrobustarchitecturesofpa
06/rticipationhavingevolvedintoatrulysocialsoftwarewithamyriadofnewwaystolinkpeopletogether/ThecharacteristicusageoftheWebinthe1990swassurfingfromonestaticWebpagetoanother//ThecontemporaryWeboffersamoredynamicexperienceinwhichtheusersthemselvescontributetotheenvironment/Wikisblogsandnetworkingsitescreateaffordancesforaneverexpandingnumberofpeopletosharetheirexperiencesperceptionsandproductions/Sitesl
07/ikeflickr/fortaggingandsharingphotosanddeliciousforsocialbookmarkingallowuserstocategorizecollectandsharetheirarchivingstrategiesandhasevenledtoanewtermforthisexplosionofusergeneratedactivityfolksonomies/Theoppositionhereisbetweenlibrariansarchivists/andinformationspecialistswhoallprofessionalizeandsystematizethiskindofactivityintotaxonomiesandtheevolvingpersonalandsocialgroupdrivenfolksonomies/Th
08/etaxonomistsarethosewhohavedevotedtheirlivestosophisticatedsystemsforcategorizingandorganiz/ingtheworlddrawingonpredecessorsfromeighteenthcenturySwedishbiologistCarolusLinnaeusandhisrankingsofclassordergenusspeciesandvarietytoMelvilDeweysnineteenthcenturydecimalsystemforarrangingbooksonlibraryshelvesstillinmodifiedusetoday/Thefolk/sonomistsbycontrasttendtoinventtheircategoriesandevenmoreimportantc
09/reatethetagstermsorkeywordsassociatedwithafileordigitalobject/Asthesetagsarelinkedthroughthenetworktheybecomemarkersineverlargersystemsaddinglevelsofwhathascometobetermedmet/adata/ThedownsideoffolksonomiesisthattheylackclearrulespeopletagpicturesoftheircatwithitsnameorwhattheanimalmaybedoingratherthanasfeliscatustheNationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformationstaxonomyidentificationnumber9685withaGlob
10/alPositioningS/ystemmarkerandatimestamp/Ofcourseeventhetaxonomistsassumemultiplicitieswithfeliscatushavingequallyvalidsynonymslikefelisdomesticusandfelissilvestriscatus/Addtothisthefactthattherearegeometricallymoreamateurfolksonomiststhantherewilleverberi/goroustaxonomistsnottomentionthattheNationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformationtaxonomynumberwillalmostcertainlybeoflessinteresttomostpeoplethanso
11/meothermorerandommetatagthecatscutenessorabilitytouseatoiletcometomind/Astheylayercomplexityande/venconfusionintoexpandingnetworksfolksonomiesexpandaffordancesforuploadingandcompriseanetsocialgood/SocialmediasiteslikeMySpaceandFacebookenableuserstocreategigateraandevenpetabytesofnewdataintheformoftextspicturessoundfilesandvideo/Insocia/lmediaenvironmentspostingbecomeseasierwhilefindingsortingandst
12/oringbecomeevermorecomplex/Therelentlesspushtomarkettechnologicalinnovationhelpsdrivenewhabitsofmindlikefolksonomiesbutalsoplacesattractiveimpedimentsintheirway/Twoofthepresentgr/ailsareubiquitytheembeddingofcomputationalpowerineveryenvironmentandmobilitytheabilitytocommunicatewiththenetworkfromanywhere/Togetherfullymobileubiquitouscomputingcouldmakedownloadingthatmucheasierbutthetransitiontohandh
13/eldandtelephonedevi/cescouldmakeuploadingthatmuchharder/Thereasonforthisisthatwetendtosacrificeinputcapacityforsizemobilityandubiquity/AskeyboardsscreensandevenlensesgetsmallerandsmallerdiscoursetendstoreverttothetextmessaginglevelshorthandlikeCUL8Rforseeyoula/teracronymsalongthelinesofIMHOforinmyhumbleopinionandtheevermoreobscureencryptionslikeCD9forCode9myparentsarewatching/Therearehugebenefitst
14/otheculturemachineofthisubiquityanddownsizingthecapacitytouploadphotosandvideoisjustthefirstandmostob/viousadvantage/Yettherearealsocommerciallogicsatworkherethatwouldturnthedeviceintoapermanentdistractionandshoppingaffordanceatechnologicallyaugmentedmagicshoppingwandthatallowsustobuythingswithaswipe/IftherecentWeblinkedtodesktopsandfullyfe/aturedlaptopsbecomesananomalyonthepathtoanevermoreoneside
15/dconsumermobilitywithvoicetelecommunicationaddedwewillhavemadeamajormistake/Weshouldnotsacrificethecapacitytouploadforthepossibilitytodownload/Thiscaveatiscentraltothedevelopmentofnot/justWeb20butalsoWebn0/Ascomputingshrinksgoesmobileandthenenvelopsusinaugmentedubiquitousenvironmentsusersbecomelessandlessawarethattheyareactuallyusingsomething/Thisisevenmoreofanissuewhenusersarenotusingcomputersata
16/llbutinsteadareusingmobi/lephonesorenmeshedininvisiblenetworksandactivatingunknownorevenunknowableinterfacessimplybybeingpresentinaparticularplaceandtime/Theinfrastructureforallofthismaywellbeinvisibleyetpreciselybecauseitwillbehiddenawaythequestionsofwhataffordanc/esitprovideswillbefarmorethantechnologicalissues/Theywillgettotheheartofthepoliticalbattlesoverdownloadinganduploading/WhentheOxfordIn
17/ternetInstitutesJonathanZittraintitledhisbookTheFutureoftheInternetandHowtoStopIthewasbeingironicbuttheiss/ueshewasconcernedwithremainveryreal/Themarkettendstofavoraninteractivityrestrictedtotwochoicesbuynoworbuylateradedicatedsalespersonnevertakesnoasthefinalanswerafterall/Whenthemobilenetworkedinteractivecommunicationdeviceisreducedtoaportable/televisionorshoppingwandthewarbetweendownloadingandu
18/ploadingwillbewellandtrulylost/Battlesoverinfrastructureareoftenunseenbythegeneralpublicsincetheyarefoughtbetweencompetingcommercialregulatorycommunityandnongovernmentalgroupsallhopingtoin/fluencehowasocietywilldeployitsresources/Providingwaterandeliminatingwasteareinfrastructuralissuesthatgobackmillenniaandthestakeholderscandrawfromvasthistoricalprecedent/Whennewtechnologiesemergetheearlyinfrastr
19/ucturalregulationcanfrequentl/ycomefromthecommunityofmakersandenthusiastsasitdidwithhamradioandevenpioneeraviation/Astimepassesandmediaandmechanismsmoveintowiderusethoughtheearlystructuresforregulatinginfrastructurebreakdown/Thedevelopmentoftheinfrastructureforthenetwor/kedculturemachineinvolvesahugenumberofactorsincludingsovereigngovernmentsnationalandinternationaladvisorypanelsandaffectedindustr
20/ies/Evensomethingthatsoundslikeitshouldbesimpleliketheassigningofdomainnamesbecomesapoliticalissueremindingusth/atstrugglesabouttechnologymaybegintechnicallybuttheybecomesocialquicklyespeciallyinnetworks/AnditisinharnessingthepowerofnetworksandthepeoplewhoconstitutethemthatWebn0isatitsstrongest/SIDEBAR/TheWomanversustheBulldozer/In1956awomanstooddow/nbulldozerssenttoflattenGreenwichVillagesWashin
21/gtonSquarePark/RobertMosesthegreatbuilderandmostpowerfulmaninNewYorkforagenerationhaddecidedthatthecityneededanewexpresswaytolinkthelowerpartsoftheeastandwestsidesofManhattanandthatthepatchofgr/eenonhismapthatrepresentedWashingtonSquareParkwouldbeagoodplacetorunaroadmakingiteasiertogetfromNewJerseytoLongIslandandviceversa/MosesbeingMosesfirsthesentinthelawyersthenthecitycommissionersandfinallytheb
22/ulldozers/Whatthemasterofalltwenti/ethcenturymasterplannershadnotcountedonwasonewomanwholinkedherpassionforcitieswithanexpressiveprosestyleandawillingnesstoact/Heradversariescametoregretunderestimatingherunassuminglook/AhousingadministratorwhobattledheroncesaidWhatadearsweet/charactersheisnt/Shewenttojailtwicefordefendingherneighborhoodandwasabletoworkwithalargegroupofpeoplewhoquestionedwhycarsand
23/commutersweremoreimportantthanparkscommunitiesandpedestrians/Thewomandecidedtowritedowntherecordofherexperiencesandt/houghtsaboutcitiesandurbanplanningandthefieldofurbanplanningwaschangedforever/ShewasJaneJacobstheyearwas1961andherbookwasTheDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities/Jacobswasourpreeminenturbananthropologistapersonwhocouldlookatacityblockandthrough/buildingupthedetailsshowexactlyhowitworked
24//AnassociateeditorofArchitecturalForuminthe1950sshebecamemoreandmoreconcernedwiththedeadeningeffectsofurbanplanningoncities/Shewentoverthewholesadhistoryofthoseinfluentialthinkerswhosawcitiesashorri/ddirtyovercrowdedplacesfilledwiththedregsofhumanitywhoneededplannerstocomeinandrationalizededensifyandordertheirspacesforthem/Jacobsinsteadlookedoutherwindowandanalyzedwhatworkedincitiesseekingthosefin
25/egrainedmixturesofstreetusesthatenliven/anygreatcity/Shevaluedmixeduseareaswherepeopleliveworkshopandplayincontiguousspacesatdiscontinuoustimes/AsurbanrenewaldestroyedthesekindsofneighborhoodsinfavorofsingleuseonesthinkoftheLincolnCenterartscomplexinNewYorkCityortheCabriniGreenho/usingprojectsinChicagocitiesnolongerwereabletoknitthemselvestogetheraswellasremainsafeenjoyableandviable/Jacobswantedst
26/imulatingmixedusecityscapestoenhanceurbaneconomicactants/Theseurbanitesdeveloptechnologiesexportthemoutofthecityandestabl/ishcosmopolitanhabits/Jacobssattentiontodetailedobservationtobottomupratherthantopdownmodelingandherattacksonmonoculturesofallkindscommendherworktous/Thoughjeeredatbyprofessionalplannersofherdayonedismissedherworkasbittercoffeehouserambling/sJacobshascertainlyhadthelastlaughwit
27/hTheDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCitiesutterlyupendingtownplanningformorethanfiftyyearsthroughitsarticulationofpreciselywhatmakesaneighborhoodworthinhabiting/Wewillspendatleastanothergenerationworkingoutho/wJacobsfinegrainedmixturesshouldfunctionwithindigitalenvironmentsbutminingherworkforinsightsintotheculturemachinedoesnotstopthere/JustafterthefalloftheBerlinwallandthebreakupoftheSovietUnionJacobs
28/wroteSystemsofSurvivalADialogueontheMoralFou/ndationsofCommerceandPoliticsinwhichsheidentifiestwocomplementaryandopposingmoralsyndromesonebasedontakingalsoknownastheguardiansyndromeandtheotherbasedontradingorthecommercialsyndrome/Thesetwoaresometimesmutuallyreinforcingandsometimesingr/aveoppositionbutbotharerequiredforaviableculture/TheguardiansyndromecanbethesourceofstagnationandoppressionbutJaco
29/bsalsoidentifiesitasthefontofart/Thecommercialsyndromeguaranteesmaterialprogressandundergirdsdemocracyyettendstohonornothingth/atcannotbetraded/Withoutaproperguardianinfrastructurethecommercialmoralsyndromecouldbedestroyed/ForJacobstheworstsituationisthecreationofthemoralhybridacommercialgroupwithguardianpowersaswhenacriminalsyndicatelikethemafiacomestodominateasoc/ietyorguardianswithcommercialasp
30/irationsliketheChineseArmyscontroloverlocalindustriesresultingfromthemarketeconomicreformsafterMaoZedongsdeath/Thesesyndromesarecomplexagglomerationsofattributesattitudesandsymptoms/Inthattheyserveasamodelfor/thewaysinwhichwewilltalkaboutdownloadinganduploading/Jacobswasachampionofhybriditybutunderstoodthatthesecretwastomaintaintherightbalanceoftheelementsandsystem/JaneJacobsisinspirationalinterms
31/ofremindingusthatdeepsystemicanalysiscanbelinkedt/oaction/MetcalfesCorollary/Theseinfrastructurebattlesbecomemoreandmoreimportantbecauseascomplexsystemsevolveovertimewhatgetsconstructednownomatterhowadhoctendstobegrandfatheredinastimegoesby/BobMetcalfecoinventoroftheEthernettechnologyfound/erofindustrialgiant3COMandapioneerinwiringpeopletogetherputforthoneofthemostsuccinctanalysesofnetworkseveroff
32/eredthevalueofanetworkisproportionaltothesquareofthenumberofusersofthesystemn2/Networksbecomemorepowerfulandvaluableasmoreusersjoin/them/Onefaxmachineisuselessbuttwofaxmachinescreateasecuredconnectionandthemorefaxmachinesthatareintroducedintothenetworkthegreaterthevaluetoeachindividualsenderandreceiverageometricratherthanarithmeticincreasewitheachnewuser/Thecyberpunkmax/imthatthestreetfindsitsownu
33/sesfortechnologyoftenentersthediscussionatthispoint/InotherwordstheintentionofthemakersisfrequentlycontradictedbythechoicesoftheusersandasmoreusersenteranetworkMetcalfeslawindicatesthattheywillbeaffectingitgeometr/ically/IwouldproposeacorollaryofMetcalfeslawthatappliestotheoriesoftechnologyasmuchastheoriginaldoestothetechnologiesthemselves/Metcalfescorollarywouldbethatideasaboutthewaytechnologieso
34/peratebecomethatmuchstrongerthemoretheyaresitedthrough/outtheuserbasesofthosetechnologies/Themorepeoplecometoseewhattheyaredoingwithcomputersintermsofadesktopthemoretheyacceptvisualiconsandhabituationsofdigitalinteractionthatmakereferencetophysicaldesks/Astheycometoseethemselvesasdefinedbytheir/connectiontothenetworkthemoreubiquitousconnectionbecomestheexpectedorevennaturalunimodernstate/Thismeans
35/thatthewayweestablishregulateandexpandourinfrastructuresaffectsnotonlythequantitiesofgoodsandmediathatcanflowthroughnetworksbuttheveryme/mesthatinformthem/ThewarbetweendownloadinganduploadingandthemovefromTeflontostickymediaculturecanthusbeseenasmeshworksofintersectingandcompetingmemes/Thenextorderofbusinessthenistodevelopmodelsfortheanalysisandcritiqueofsuchsystems/SIDEBAR/MickeyMouseWantstoLiveF
36/orever/Wetradedimmortalityforsexmillenniaagowhenendlesslyselfreplicatingsinglecelledorganismsmutatedintomulticellularconstructsthatbegantobreedandreproducenewmembersofthespecies/Evolutionarybiologiststheorizethatcompl/exsexualorganismsareprogrammedtodieatpreciselythepointthattheiroffspringnolongerneedthemtosurvivetheverythresholdatwhichparentswouldbecompetingwiththeiryoungforresources/Soisnaturebo
37/undedbutinculturewearestartingtoseethereturnofimmortalitya/tleastintheguiseofcopyrightlaws/MickeyMouseforoneisquiteseriouslyquestingforlifeimmortalandseemstohavethemeanstolivehisdreams/NomultibilliondollarenterprisehassoidentifieditselfwithasingleiconiccharacterashastheWaltDisneyCompany/Themouseear/sbrandisdifferentiatedintothirteenseparatesubbrandsbuttheyallrelatebacktotheurmouse/Disneydebutedthe
38/archetypallittlerodentintheSillySymphoniescartoonsin1928/FromthenonMickeystoodforaplayfullightheartedAmericannessthatwasadmiredtheworldover/FromSovietfilmmakerEisensteintoEuropeantheoristWalterBenjamintoHollywoodfarceurPrestonSturgesMickeywascentraltotheculturalimaginationbothhighandlow/InSullivansTravels1941Sturgesaddressestheexistentialcrisisofhisdirectorprotagonistamanwhohas/madeafortunemakingc
39/omediesbutfeelsspirituallyunfulfilled/SullivanendshisquestinjailandlearnshislessonbywatchinghisfellowconsamulticulturallotlaughafteralongdayonthechaingangatnoneotherthanMickeyandhisantics/TheproblemisthattheDisneyCompanyw/antstoextenditscontroloverMickeyintoperpetuityviolatingnotjusttheletterofthelawbutitsintent/ByholdingontoMickeyandherethemousestandsforallthecharacterssongsstoriesandiconsthatare
40/presentlysequesteredbehindphalanxesofhighpaidlawyersthecorpora/tionkeepstherestofusoutofthestorehouseofmutablematerialsforthecreationofnewnoncorporateculture/Thisispreciselythesortofculturalproductionthatthecomputernotonlymakespossibleitiswhatitallbutdemandsofusasasociety/CreativeCommonsCulture/Thereis/aprimarydifferencebetweenmaterialgoodsandintellectualproperty/Arealestatepropertyexistswithinset
41/boundaries/Itcanbesubdividedbuiltupredevelopedandsoonbutisstillverymuchboundedinspace/Whileitcanbedevelopedandredevelopedrealpropertyisneitherre/plicablenorinfinitelydivisible/Aswemoveintotherealmofmassproductiontheattributesofrealpropertydiminishslightlyeventhoughtheirmaterialityremains/Intellectualpropertymayresultinrealpropertybutatbaseitisstilltheonlyformofexchangeinwhichtheprod/ucercansellsom
42/ethingtoaconsumerandyetstillholdontothatsomething/Againwefindourselvesconfrontingproblemsofplentituderatherthanscarcity/Theculturalarchiveisoverflowingasitneverhasbefore/TheRoyalLibraryofAlexandriaandeventheLibraryofCongresspa/leincomparisontowhathasbeencomingonlineoverthepastdecades/Butaswemovefurtherandfurtherintomultimediatedformsofwritingwehavetomakesurethatpresentholdersofcopyrightdonotstifle
43/thosewhowouldusethenetworksasaculturemachine/Ithasbeenlessthanacent/urysinceentertainmentmorphedintointellectualproperty/ItwasinthatcenturythatsomanyseeminglyindelibleiconsemergedfromRicksCaféinCasablancatoTintintoHelloKittytoDarthVaderandhoveringoverthemallaretheearsglovesandprofitabilityofMickeyMouse/Ifwe/wanttostakeoutanuancedpositioninthediscussionovercopyrightwecanbeginfromastandpointthatackn
44/owledgesthattheculturemachineexistsinacapitalistframeworkandthatitisfoolishtoopposetheideathatpeopleshouldbeabletoprofitfromtheproductionofideasasmuc/hastheydofromtheproductionofobjects/Aswellthebattlesbeingwagedovertheseissueswillnotmakemultinationalconglomeratesabandonthebusinessofculturethereissimplytoomuchmoneytobemade/Inanycaselargemediacompaniescanpromotetheproductionofnewpotential/lymarketa
45/bleculturebycreatingincentivesenvironmentsandaffordancesforfangeneratedcontent/Whatshouldbeexaminedandchallengedinthissituationisthedisproportionatepowerthataccruestolargecorporateentitieswhentheyseektopushcopyrightintoinfinity/In1/998theUSCongressenactedacopyrighttermextensionactwhichcametobeknownastheMickeyMouseProtectionAct/Thisactaddedtwentyyearsontointellectualpropertyprotectionandseemedtooff
46/erevenmoreadinfinitum/Thelegislationwaswidelyinterpretedasbeingovergener/oustolargecorporateinterestsasopposedtothinkingthroughthegeneralimportanceofafreeflowofdiscoursethroughsociety/GroupslikeCreativeCommonsareworkingagainstthesetrendspreferringinitswordstoreducebarrierstocreativityandbuildanintellectualworksc/onservancy/CreativeCommonsisaninitiativethatwasfoundedtohelppeoplededicatetheircreativ
47/eworkstothepublicdomainorretaintheircopyrightwhilelicensingthemasfreeforcertainusesoncertainconditions/RatherthansoftwareCreativeCommonsfocusesonwritingmu/sicandarttobedevelopedanddistributedunderdifferentintellectualpropertymodelsthanthoseexercisedunderthecurrentcopyrightlaws/LeadinglightsintheCreativeCommonsmovementsuchaslegalscholarandactivistLawrenceLessigfeelitisimperativetoaddressthearr/ogan
48/ceofcompanieslikeDisneyandNewsCorporationsFoxandTimeWarnerwhichusetheireconomicandpoliticalpowertoextendtheirowncopyrightseeminglyintoinfinity/Atsomepointanideasituationorcharacterbecomesprevalentenoughtoformameme/Societythenbenefitsfro/mitsopenusebyallasopposedtorestrictiveownershipbytheprivateproducer/Theopensourceculturalmovementhasmanydiversegradientsfromthoseonthefarcopyleftsidewhoopposeanyfo
49/rmofprotectionorprivatismwhatsoevertothosewhowantablendofprotectionandtheeven/tualdiffusionofknowledge/ThiskindofargumentdoesnotinterestthecopyrightlawyershiredbyTimeWarnerDisneyandalltherestbuttheyarenarrowstakeholdersinanevolvinglandscape/Theoriginalintentofcopyrightlawswasnotsolelytorewardtheholdersoftheserightsbu/tratherfirstandforemosttoencourageinnovation/Thetransformationofintellectualprodu
50/ctionintointellectualpropertythroughthecourseofthetwentiethcenturyskewedthisyetwemustrememberthattheentirepurposeofcopyrightwastoencourageuploading/Weneedtoreb/ootthisasanassertion/Abusiveintellectualpropertyrightslockdownculture/Theculturalasopposedtotechnicalimplicationsoftheopensourcemovementbegantobefeltthroughthe1990sasevermorepeoplewiredthemselvestotheInternet/Artistsandinparticularnet/artis
51//tsdisplayedanaturalaffinitytotheopensourcemovement/SincethattimetherehasbeenanexplosionofpeertopeerfilesharingnetworksfromNapstertoMorpheustoBitTorrenttothePirateBayandabacklashfromthecontentindustriesincludinganinfamoussuitbroughtbyrecordm/ogulsagainstatwelveyearoldgirl/Butregardlessoftheevermoredivisivedebatesinthecourtstherealityisthatopensourceculturalproductionisintheascendance/Takethecaseof
52/JennyEverywhereakatheShifter/Jennyisanopensourcecomiccharacterwhocanbedevelopedbya/nyartistwhowantstouseher/AccordingtotheWebsitewhereshewasbornandliveshermanylivesThecharacterofJennyEverywhereisavailableforusebyanyonewithonlyonecondition/ThisparagraphmustbeincludedinanypublicationinvolvingJennyEverywhereinorderthatothers/mayusethispropertyastheywish/Allrightsreversed/Theopenendednesstheunfinishof
53/JennyEverywheredistinguishesitfromthesimilarneologismcrowdsourcing/Crowdsourcingisalsoaboutthedeploymentofmultipleonlineeyeballsbuttheconceptslinktotheoutsourcingof/globalizationtiesittightlytotheeconomicrealm/Imaginationontheotherhandencompassesbutisnotlimitedtothoseprojectsthatcanbemonetizedsoitislessproblemsolvingthansituationenablingthatisneeded/TheCreativeCommonsmovementistryingtoensurethatth
54/osewh/owanttowritewiththeculturemachinebythisImeanmakeanddistributemotionpiecesnewmusicfilmicfictionsdigitallymodeledfabricationsubiquitousinformationenvironmentsphotoblogsandthelistgoesonwillbeabletohaveaccesstothecontemporaryrawmaterialsofcreat/ivity/WhetheryouchoosetocallthisremixcultureasLessigdoesorsimplythenewwayofwritingwhattheCreativeCommonsfreecultureandculturelibremovementsandthinkersare
55/ensuringisthatjustasauthorsinthepasthadtherighttothinkaboutearlierformsandwritingsandin/corporatecommentonandbuildonthemnotjustJamesJoycesreferencestoHomerbuttheincorporationofactualnewspaperfragmentsinGeorgesBraqueandPabloPicassosseminalcollagesofthe1920ssotodaysartistswritersfilmmakersbloggersmusiciansanddesignersmustbeallow/edsimilaraccesstothematerialthatinformstheircreativity/Thedifferencebet
56/weenthe1920sandtodayhoweveristhatwhiletheeaseofcopyinghasindeedposednewproblemsthestrengthsofcopyrightholdershasgrownenormously/Theubiquityofthesearchenginehasnotonlymad/eaplethoraofmaterialavailabletopotentialusersbutalsohasmadeitconcurrentlyeasierfortheownersofintellectualpropertytotrackdowncopyrightviolations/Intheirzealtoprotecttheirintellectualpropertycorporateforceshaveconsolidatedcontrolove
57/rpolitical/processes/Theresultisthatgovernmentregulatorsrespondmorequicklytotheconcernsofthosewhoalreadyhavemoneymuchfasterthantheydototheforcesthatbecomeempoweredbytechnologicalinnovation/Theinnovationsoftheculturemachinearebringingaboutchangesintech/nologicalsystemsthecontenttransmittedbythosesystemsandtheaestheticqualityofthatcontent/Theseinnovationswillrequireanevolutionofthelegalsystemtoserve
58/asacounterbalancetotheconsolidatedintellectualresourcesofestablishedhierarchiescentralizedgo/vernmentsandtransnationalcorporations/SIDEBAR/UlyssesvsOdyssey/InUlyssesJamesJoycehashisprotagonist/alteregoStephenDedalusproclaimthatamanofgeniusmakesnomistakeshiserrorsarevolitionalandaretheportalsofdiscovery/Butwhatofthesonsandgrandsonso/fgenius/Aretheirerrorsequallyproductive/Lookingatthelegalbattlesov
59/ercopyrightthatStephenJamesJoycehaswagedinhisancestorsnametheanswerappearstobeno/ThecaseoftheJoyceestateisacautionaryone/Themodernistlikemanygreatartistswasambivalentaboutlit/eraryanalysisandhistorybutheexplicitlyconstructedhistwomajornovelsUlyssesandFinnegansWakeinwaysthatwouldengagecriticsfordecadesaftertheirpublication/Joycejudiciouslyengagedwiththosewhocametoembracehisaestheticagenda/Thesecrit
60/icsandprofessor/sinturnmadeJoycesworkthesinequanonoftheWesternliterarytraditionguaranteeingthatstudentswouldwrestlefordecadestocomewithDedalusMollyBloomandFinneganscorpse/Thisdialoguebetweenauthorworkcriticsandstudentswashardlyopenbutitwasvibrantanddidgene/rateasignificantrevenuestreamforJoycesdescendants/Paradoxicallymanyofthegreatmodernsbecamedefiningartistsandwriterspreciselybecausetheywereamon
61/gthemostgiftedremixersoftheirera/Wehavealreadyseeninchapter3howthisworkedforDuchampandhisreadymad/esbutthesameistrueofJoycewhodrewfromthewholeoftheliterarycanonandarangeoflanguagesandrecombinatorypunsespeciallyinFinnegansWake/JoycetooktheplotforUlyssesthatfamousnovelofIrelandfromthatfamousepicofGreecetheOdyssey/IfHomersheirshadinherited/thesamelegalstructureasStephenJamesJoycewouldtheyhavesued/Byt
62/hestartofthetwentyfirstcenturyhoweverthemostpowerfuloverseeroftheestateofthetwentiethcenturysgreatestliterarymodernistwashisgrandson/StephenJamesJoycesrestrictionsonthecriticalhis/toricalandgeneraluseofhisgrandfathersworkhavebroughtJoyceanactivitiestoavirtualstandstill/StephenJamesJoyceobjectstobiographicalscholarshipintotheextendedJoycefamilysohehasclosedoffthefamilyarchives/Hehasusedtherichesoft
63/heestatetosueandther/ebysilencescholarsandjournalistswithwhomhedisagrees/HehasevendeniedthecityofDublinrightstoreadselectionsfromUlyssesduringBloomsdaycelebrations/Theoveralleffectofthisisnotjustchillingbutalsocanbeseentobeeconomicallydisastrous/Newscholarsarea/ctivelydiscouragedbytheirmentorsfromworkingonJoycebecausethereisnothingthattheycandoabouttheestatesprohibitions/Withoutnewscholarshipandev
64/engeneralcriticismJoyceslowlyfadesoffsyllabiandMollysfamoussoliloquyyesIsaidyesIwillYesischokedoffbyth/enoIsaidnoIwillNotofoverzealouscopyrightdefense